Genders in English Grammar
Genders Definition, Types and 100 Examples
What are the Genders in English Grammar?
Gender in English grammar is a grammatical category used to indicate whether a noun or pronoun refers to a male, a female, a person or animal of unspecified sex, or something without biological sex. Gender helps us choose the correct nouns and pronouns when forming sentences.
For example, boy is a masculine noun, girl is a feminine noun, child is a common-gender noun, and book is a neuter-gender noun in traditional English grammar.
English grammar traditionally divides gender into four types: masculine gender, feminine gender, common gender, and neuter gender. These categories are particularly useful for learning vocabulary and understanding the use of pronouns such as he, she, and it.
Types of Gender in English Grammar
There are four main types of gender in traditional English grammar.
1. Masculine Gender
Masculine gender refers to a male person or animal.
Examples: Boy, man, father, king, brother, and bull.
2. Feminine Gender
Feminine gender refers to a female person or animal.
Examples: Girl, woman, mother, queen, sister, and cow.
3. Common Gender
Common gender refers to a noun that can describe a male or a female. The noun itself does not specify gender.
Examples: Child, student, teacher, doctor, parent, and friend.
4. Neuter Gender
Neuter gender traditionally refers to things that are neither male nor female, such as objects and inanimate things.
Examples: Book, table, chair, computer, pencil, and window.
In modern English, people are generally referred to using the pronouns they use for themselves. Animals may be referred to as he or she when their sex is known, or it when their sex is unknown or irrelevant. Objects are generally referred to as it.
100 Examples of Gender in English
The following tables contain 100 examples divided into three categories: human beings, animals, and non-living things.
Table 1: Gender Examples for Human Beings
This table includes masculine and feminine nouns, along with common-gender nouns that can refer to people of any gender.
| No. | Masculine Gender | Feminine Gender | Common Gender |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Boy | Girl | Child |
| 2 | Man | Woman | Person |
| 3 | Father | Mother | Parent |
| 4 | Son | Daughter | Offspring |
| 5 | Brother | Sister | Sibling |
| 6 | Husband | Wife | Spouse |
| 7 | King | Queen | Ruler |
| 8 | Prince | Princess | Royal |
| 9 | Uncle | Aunt | Relative |
| 10 | Nephew | Niece | Family member |
| 11 | Grandfather | Grandmother | Grandparent |
| 12 | Father-in-law | Mother-in-law | Parent-in-law |
| 13 | Bridegroom | Bride | Partner |
| 14 | Widower | Widow | Bereaved spouse |
| 15 | Monk | Nun | Religious member |
| 16 | Actor | Actress | Performer |
| 17 | Waiter | Waitress | Server |
| 18 | Host | Hostess | Host |
| 19 | Hero | Heroine | Lead character |
| 20 | Emperor | Empress | Monarch |
| 21 | Duke | Duchess | Noble |
| 22 | God | Goddess | Deity |
| 23 | Gentleman | Lady | Person |
| 24 | Landlord | Landlady | Property owner |
| 25 | Policeman | Policewoman | Police officer |
| 26 | Salesman | Saleswoman | Salesperson |
| 27 | Businessman | Businesswoman | Businessperson |
| 28 | Postman | Postwoman | Postal worker |
| 29 | Headmaster | Headmistress | School head |
| 30 | Headwaiter | Headwaitress | Head server |
| 31 | Male teacher | Female teacher | Teacher |
| 32 | Male doctor | Female doctor | Doctor |
| 33 | Male student | Female student | Student |
| 34 | Male nurse | Female nurse | Nurse |
| 35 | Male artist | Female artist | Artist |
Table 2: Gender Examples for Animals
Animals can have masculine and feminine names. Some animals have distinct names for males and females, while others use the same general noun for both.
| No. | Masculine Gender | Feminine Gender | Common Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36 | Lion | Lioness | Lion |
| 37 | Tiger | Tigress | Tiger |
| 38 | Bull | Cow | Cattle |
| 39 | Stallion | Mare | Horse |
| 40 | Ram | Ewe | Sheep |
| 41 | Buck | Doe | Deer |
| 42 | Fox | Vixen | Fox |
| 43 | Dog | Bitch | Dog |
| 44 | Tomcat | Queen | Cat |
| 45 | Peacock | Peahen | Peacock |
| 46 | Rooster | Hen | Chicken |
| 47 | Drake | Duck | Duck |
| 48 | Gander | Goose | Goose |
| 49 | Boar | Sow | Pig |
| 50 | Billy goat | Nanny goat | Goat |
| 51 | Jackass | Jenny | Donkey |
| 52 | Cob | Pen | Swan |
| 53 | Stallion | Jenny | Zebra |
| 54 | Male elephant | Female elephant | Elephant |
| 55 | Male camel | Female camel | Camel |
| 56 | Male rabbit | Female rabbit | Rabbit |
| 57 | Male hare | Female hare | Hare |
| 58 | Male bear | Female bear | Bear |
| 59 | Male wolf | Female wolf | Wolf |
| 60 | Male leopard | Female leopard | Leopard |
| 61 | Male cheetah | Female cheetah | Cheetah |
| 62 | Male giraffe | Female giraffe | Giraffe |
| 63 | Male monkey | Female monkey | Monkey |
| 64 | Male gorilla | Female gorilla | Gorilla |
| 65 | Male kangaroo | Female kangaroo | Kangaroo |
| 66 | Male squirrel | Female squirrel | Squirrel |
| 67 | Male pigeon | Female pigeon | Pigeon |
| 68 | Male eagle | Female eagle | Eagle |
| 69 | Male parrot | Female parrot | Parrot |
| 70 | Male crocodile | Female crocodile | Crocodile |
Note: In some animal pairs, the masculine and feminine terms are standard names, such as stallion and mare. For many other species, English commonly uses male and female before the animal’s name. The word bitch is the standard term for a female dog, but it can be offensive when used to refer to a person.
Table 3: Gender Examples for Non-Living Things
In traditional English grammar, non-living things are generally classified as neuter gender. They do not have biological sex, and we normally use the pronoun it to refer to them.
| No. | Noun | Gender | Pronoun |
|---|---|---|---|
| 71 | Book | Neuter | It |
| 72 | Table | Neuter | It |
| 73 | Chair | Neuter | It |
| 74 | Computer | Neuter | It |
| 75 | Pencil | Neuter | It |
| 76 | Window | Neuter | It |
| 77 | Door | Neuter | It |
| 78 | Car | Neuter | It |
| 79 | Bicycle | Neuter | It |
| 80 | Phone | Neuter | It |
| 81 | Bag | Neuter | It |
| 82 | Bottle | Neuter | It |
| 83 | Clock | Neuter | It |
| 84 | Watch | Neuter | It |
| 85 | Television | Neuter | It |
| 86 | Fan | Neuter | It |
| 87 | Bed | Neuter | It |
| 88 | Pillow | Neuter | It |
| 89 | Mirror | Neuter | It |
| 90 | Cup | Neuter | It |
| 91 | Plate | Neuter | It |
| 92 | Spoon | Neuter | It |
| 93 | Knife | Neuter | It |
| 94 | Key | Neuter | It |
| 95 | House | Neuter | It |
| 96 | School | Neuter | It |
| 97 | Garden | Neuter | It |
| 98 | Road | Neuter | It |
| 99 | Mountain | Neuter | It |
| 100 | River | Neuter | It |
Difference Between Masculine, Feminine, Common, and Neuter Gender
| Type of Gender | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Refers to a male person or animal | Man, king, bull |
| Feminine | Refers to a female person or animal | Woman, queen, cow |
| Common | Can refer to a person of any gender | Teacher, student, child |
| Neuter | Traditionally refers to non-living things | Book, chair, computer |
Conclusion
Gender is an important topic in English grammar because it helps learners understand nouns, pronouns, and the words used to describe people and animals. The four traditional types of gender are masculine, feminine, common, and neuter.
By studying the 100 examples in these tables, students can learn common masculine and feminine pairs, identify common-gender nouns, and understand why non-living things are traditionally classified as neuter. Regular practice with these examples will help improve English grammar, vocabulary, and sentence formation.